Optical systems for lamp-based fluorescent luminaries are rather bulky and inefficient. reflectors, diffusers, lens, and louvers, have been used to control glare from the unwanted angle of view or to reduce excessively high luminance of the emission interface. In the past, direct lighting with luminaires designed in a conventional way are challenged with improving uniformity and reducing discomfort glare. In interior spaces where people spend a long length of time working or learning, lighting is a critical element of the design that may enhance or degrade organizational productivity, task concentration, environmental and job satisfaction, social interactions, aesthetic perceptions, safety and security.
Mitigation of glare, shadows, and other undesirable visual effects is equally important. However, achieving quality lighting in task-laden spaces such as offices, classrooms and laboratories involves more than simply specifying the illuminance level. Oftentimes they are the only option for spaces with low ceiling heights, which are found in buildings with suspended mechanical ceilings (i.e., drop ceilings). In contrast to general diffuse and indirect lighting systems, direct-type luminaires are most efficient in delivering light to a horizontal task plane. General lighting in commercial and institutional spaces is ubiquitously provided by direct-type luminaires which provide 90% to 100% downlight. The Dilemma of Direct Lighting with Conventional Optical Design For a long time however, this has been a mission impossible because of the inherent limitations of conventional lighting technologies. The goal of lighting in these spaces is to enable occupants to see their visual tasks easily and comfortably while addressing economic and environmental concerns, and taking architectural considerations into account. They are workhorses in offices, hospitals, schools and commercial facilities where overhead luminaires are the primary source of ambient and task lighting. Troffers are square, rectangular or linear light fixtures that are installed in the ceiling and distribute light downwards only. Functionally speaking, it is a flat panel troffer. An LED panel light is a low profile, fully luminous panel that utilizes edge-lit LED technology to deliver uniform, smooth and visually comfortable direct (downward) lighting.
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